Fire has a variety of purposes: to give you warm, keep you dry, cook food, clean water and signals.
But when you’re in the region of the enemy, fire may also get you into trouble.
Fire smoke from long distances can smell or see;
The light during the day or night you can see;
Traces of fire will expose your whereabouts.
Remember, when you weigh the need for the fire, must consider whether it can avoid the reconnaissance of the enemy.
When you travel to a distant mission a remote area, you should take a lot of matches, is placed in a waterproof box, carrying a will match.
Before starting a mission and practiced in the case of the wind is larger cover fire.
Can make a match when the fire burns long enough, means you saved the other matches, reserved for future use.
Select location, ready to fire
Choose what kind of site and what preparation before the fire, fire depends on the following factors —
When you go to perform the task of terrain and climate of the region.
Low materials and tools available.
“Why do you need to make a fire.
When the enemy near you.
Find a dry place, and the site need to —
Low to the shelter.
Avoid low and your body (if any) appropriate position relations.
Low to make heat concentrated in the direction you need.
Low enough wood or other material to burn.
If you are in a luxuriant forests or scrub, choose good place after fire, to clear the bushes that there, on the surface of the ground soil.
Clearing the circle diameter should be at least 3 feet (1 meter), are less likely to cause fire.
If time permits, or rock wall by a fire with log, the wall can help to reflect or direct temperature to the place that you need to also can reduce the sparks, reduce wind.
But make sure enough wind to keep the fire burning.
Warning: do not use damp or porous rock, because they might explode when heated.
If you’re in snow cover area, you can use the trees take a base for the fire.
Wrist thick trees in cold region is easy to break.
Cut some fresh wood side by side on the ground, then add one layer or two layers of wood, overlay, under the direction and it makes the above a layer of wood of the wood in the opposite direction.
Fire materials
You need three kinds of materials to the fire: tinder, kindling, fuel.
Tinder is a kind of low ignition point – a Mars can make its combustion – dry material.
Kindling is a flammable material, added to ignite the flame, the enlargement of the fire, the light is not so easy to burning materials.
Firewood is material is not so easy to ignite, but once lit, can slowly burning steadily.
Make a fire
There are some methods for the fire quickly, which is easier to have three kinds: tapered, shed, cross ditch.
Cone.
The tinder and firing with branches into cone, lit the fire in the middle.
When the center part of the burn, peripheral wood will be backward, and then add a raise material inside this.
This type of the fire with a wet wood will also be a good combustion.
Shed shape.
Insert a not dry branch inclined surface, and 30 degrees to the ground, will end branches against the wind.
Put some tinder tilted at least one (put) in the branches of the following, in as much as possible.
Then put some flash to each side of the inclined branches with branches.
Lit the fire, after the fire burning with branches, and constantly add.
Cross the ditch.
Dug in the earth two x-type ditches, about 1 foot (30 centimeters) wide, about 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) deep.
Put in the center of the cross enough tinder, kindling heap on it, make it a pyramid, shallow trench can let the air through the fire, the formation of drafts.
Your situation and the surrounding of the available materials might make you need another method of fire:
The pyramid shape.
Will two wood or parallel branches on the ground, and then put on a layer of wood, or branches, after placing the real plus three to four layers of wood, or branches, vertically between each layer and each layer, and the above a layer of slightly less than the area of the adjacent layer below.
In spire tinder and matches were mentioned, fire can ignite the following after
Wood.
This shape of the fire is burning down and the heat evenly onto the ground, and at night do not need special care.
Make a fire.
Put the two stones on the ground, about 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart.
(if there is no stone, can on the ground vertical two or forked branches stout sticks.)
Will be a stick on the rock, put a big tinder under a stick, and then matches on both sides of the frame on the fire.
A pit of fire.
Dig a diameter of about 4 to 5 inches (10 to 12 cm), 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 centimeters) deep hole, dig beside a 18 to 24 inches (45 ~ 60 centimeters) hole, used as a chimney, dig a tunnel, connect two holes.
Only small branches for firewood, as much as possible to keep the fire.
When you need to hide yourself, can use this method.
Remember: good enough tinder for a fire is essential, especially if you need other ignition without matches or lighters tool, the importance of good tinder more obvious.
The ignition
Should be the starting point on the windward side of the ignition, but before ignition, to ensure that you have placed tinder, pyrophoric material, fuelwood, make sure the duration of the fire burning can as you need.
Don’t waste fuel matches, lighters, or fireworks.
If there is a candle, lit a candle and because it burns longer, can save your matches and lighters fuel for later use.
If you don’t have matches, lighters, or fireworks, you can use other materials to ignition, but remember, when you need a good tinder and appropriate fire.
Convex lens.
This method applies only to the sun is shining during the day, and need a certain amount of time.
Convex lens can use binoculars, cameras, or sight telescope, or use the magnifying glass on the compass.
The convex lens to adjust Angle, sunlight to focus on the tinder.
With a convex lens keep this Angle, the light has been, according to a point until the tinder starts to smoke, gently flap tinder, or blowing toward it, make it burn up, on the subsequent process and have said the same.
Metal matches.
Will decorate tinder into the shape of a bird’s nest, and then put a dry leaves in the middle of the nest, or thin, dry bark, or a piece of paper.
The stacking tinder near the fire.
One hand a knife or a similar one tool, one hand metal matches, put the metal at one end of the match on the dry leaves (or tree bark, paper), with a knife friction on metal matches, like you cut things, Mars will splash into the crumbs and kindling.
The battery.
You can also use the battery to make a spark, but technology depends on the type of battery you use, if it is the vehicle battery, in these departments a metal line, put good, the battery wire to be able to reach the fire.
Near the tinder, bare parts touch each other on both ends of the wire, Mars will light
Tinder.
Flint and steel.
If you have a piece of steel, such as the blade, and a piece of flint, you can also make Mars light the tinder.
(you can also use a piece of hard rock instead of flint.)
Took the flint close to tinder, with steel knock down flint, produce after Mars will splash at the center of the tinder.
Bow and drill.
This is the last resort to the fire.
You need to —
Low a 2 to 3 feet long (0.6 ~ 0.9 meters), the diameter of about 1 1/2 inches (3.5 cm) of hardwood, the hardwood used as bow.
When a piece of 6 to 9 inches (15 to 23 cm) long, of about 1/2 to 3/4 inch in diameter (1.2 ~ 2 cm) of hardwood, the hardwood for drill.
When a piece of 2 inches by 2 inches by 2 inches (5 cm square) of hardwood, for drilling cap.
(shell or stone can also.
When a piece of 6 inches x 18 inches x 1 inch of cork (width and length can have different).
When a rope for GongSheng (shoelaces or belt can also).
Bow and drill assembly steps are as follows
Saw the fire.
It is also lighter means of last resort to.
Hard rub against each other this kind of method is to two pieces of wood, cork or split bamboo is useful by fire, of a saw.
If you are using the bamboo, the steps are as follows
Helpful hints
Collect good tinder, at any time in a waterproof container with you.
In front of the camp, collect matches along the way.
If you have insect repellents, pour a little on the tinder, it makes it easier to tinder combustion.
Put the wood from the body, to keep them dry.
Damp wood on the fire, after drying can be reserved for later use.
To make the fire burning all night, you can add some big wood on the fire, to ensure that the fire can burn to the central part of the wood.
If you have the fire heap, good charcoal can cover with a thin layer of ash in the charcoal, then add some dry soil, and in this way, by the next morning, the fire still smoldering.
Before they left the camp to ensure that the fire was completely put out.
