water
In the polar regions, there are many kinds of ways can get water.
Your position and determine the time of year you where to get the water, and how to get water.
Because of the climate and environment factors, the polar regions of water is much more than in other parts of the water and health.
But, before drinking, you should first clean up the water (see chapter 5).
In the summer, the best water is fresh water lakes, streams, ponds, rivers, and springs.
The water of the pond or lake might be a little dirty, but still can use.
The flow in the streams, rivers and the bubbling spring water are usually clean, can drink.
Summer, brown found in the tundra region on the surface of the water also is very good water, purification before, however, you may need to filter it.
Melting ice into water of fresh water can be formed.
Before drinking, but it is important to ensure that they are completely melt.
Snow and ice melting in the mouth can absorb heat in the body, and may lead to the body because of the cold and hurt.
You can use the body temperature to melt snow.
The snow on the bag, and then put the bag between several layers of clothes, the process is slow, but you can, or no fire as it travels when using this method.
Note: if there are other drinking water sources, don’t waste fuel to melt snow and ice.
If there is ice, melting ice is better than the melting snow, because for a glass of ice water is more than a BeiXue melt from the water, and ice is melting faster than snow.
You can put the water bag, food cans or an improvised container on fire to melt snow and ice.
First put a small amount of snow and ice in the container, after it melted into water, then add ice and snow.
Another way to melt snow and ice is ice and snow in a porous material of the bag, then put the bag hanging from the fire, the bag put a container under the water.
In cold weather, don’t drink too much water before you go to sleep.
From the warm sleeping bag in the middle of the night to relieve nature, means reducing the time to rest, increase the time of exposure to cold.
Food source
The polar regions there are several kinds of food sources.
The kinds of food, fish, animals, birds, or plants, as well as the ease of getting food depends on the season and your location.
Fish.
Summer, easily from the coast, the creek, the river or lake to catch fish and other aquatic animals.
Available method to capture them in chapter 7.
The north Atlantic and north Pacific coast waters rich in aquatic products.
You can easily find crawfish, snail, clams, oysters and king crab and other aquatic animals.
In large areas of high water and low water difference, low water, it’s easy to find
Shellfish.
Can be formed in the tide turned back flat, sand mining and inshore reefs formed at low tide pools.
There isn’t a large difference in high water and low water areas, the storm caused waves the shellfish is also often go to the beach.
Life in the south of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska waters prickly sea urchin egg is a very delicious food.
Can be formed in the tide of the pool to find sea urchins.
Put it between two pieces of stone, crush its shell.
A bright yellow sea urchin egg.
Most northern fish and eggs are edible, in addition to the North Pole and shark sculpin fish eggs.
Bivalve – such as clams, mussels, often than spiral shell animals, such as snails, delicious.
Warning: the black mussels is one of the most common mollusks, north may contain poisonous in any season.
Sometimes found in mussel organization of toxins as dangerous as strychnine.
The sea cucumber is also edible Marine animals.
In its body with five long white muscle, taste with clam meat.
In early summer, smelt will spawn in the sea waves, sometimes you can put them up by hand.
Kelp is a long strip of seaweed, it and other smaller, the growth in offshore rocks is edible seaweed.
Midsummer season, you can often find herring eggs from seaweed.
Marine animals on the ice.
Almost all of the coast of the arctic region can be found that the polar bear, but basically see in inland areas.
If possible, try to avoid the polar bear, they are the most dangerous of all bear.
They are tireless, clever hunter, has excellent vision and has a very keen sense of smell.
If you have to kill a bear to do the food, to be very careful near it, shooting should aim at its head, when a bullet almost can’t kill it in other place.
The bear meat must be cooked before eating.
Warning: do not eat liver, because it contains A lot of dangerous high levels of vitamin A.
One of earless seal meat is delicious.
However, close to an earless seals and kill it needs certain technology.
Spring, seal often lie near their breathing with ice ice, every 30 seconds to look up to see whether they have their enemy – the polar bear.
Can approach the seal with the eskimos: while the seal when sleeping, lee direction from it slowly close to it, if the seal, should immediately stop, lying down on the ice as it, looked up and down, and twist the body slightly.
Use your body side forward close to the seal, the arm against the body, try to make it look like a seal.
Seal air dint is slippery, and took a tilt, the seal as long as a little move can slip into the water.
Therefore, as far as possible close to the seal of 25 ~ 50 yards (23 ~ 48 meters), and to quickly kill it aimed (head).
Try to before seals sliding into the water to catch it.
Winter, dead seals are usually can float on the surface, but it’s difficult to drag it to the ice above come up.
If you have a bruise or skin damage, do not let the fat and skin touch your wound, because you may be suffering from so-called “fat finger”, your fingers will be swollen badly.
Remember, there is seal place usually have the polar bear, polar bears are known as seals killer.
With seals and walrus live above the ice floe.
The curiosity of the seal is very heavy, you can sometimes to attract them to the range.
Walrus is very lazy, but when close they can become quite dangerous.
It is better to ship close to them.
Best killed a walrus and seals on the ice, rather than water, so you are more likely to get a body.
When you shoot a walrus on its head below the neck.
From a walrus, in addition to meat, and sometimes can get breast milk.
To kill a walrus, you can give it milking, a walrus usually get 16 quart (18 liters) of milk, or the walrus, squeeze again after an hour, almost can also get the same amount of milk.
Warning: there must be A walrus liver can’t eat, it just like the polar bear’s liver, contain high levels of vitamin A.
Animals on land.
Grow in certain areas of the polar regions have a moose, caribou, stone mountain sheep and mountain wild goats, deer, and land animals such as bears.
Moose often found in the bushes thick place, it is likely to be dashed to the people.
Winter, climbed up the hill, or a tree, you may find that an animal’s “smoke” (body moisture evaporation condenses into water mist, looking like the smoke from a small fire), the “smoke” is probably a moose.
Trace of caribou migration in the arctic, Alaska, northern Canada, Greenland, the western region, and Siberia has been the discovery of traces of them.
In winter, they eat in tundra regions;
In the summer, they will migrate to the beach or mountain.
Winter, the mountain wild goats will migrate to lower altitude area, into the valley of the ground for food.
They are vigilant, it is difficult to close.
Stood higher than them, while they eat from one side of the wind close to them, so that you may have the opportunity to go to close enough to shoot them.
Milu deer live in the northern island of Greenland and the Canadian archipelago, their footprints and waste like cattle footprint and feces.
Once, elk would gather together, if there are other animals close to male elk may be dashed to close.
The bear is very dangerous, especially when it is frightened, injury, or with the bear.
If you find a large damaged turf, that are likely to be the bear had roots in the mining or looking for mice.
Don’t shoot the bear, unless you are sure to kill it.
To aim at the ear root, neck, and shoulders.
Bear hibernate in winter.
The polar region and the wolves.
In the south of the arctic region has the tree growth, can find a porcupine.
Porcupine feed on bark, so, if you find that is stripped bare branches, you are likely to be found here).
Thunderbird, owl and raven is the polar region only birds in winter, they are very scarce in the north of the tree line.
As delicious thunderbird, owls and other wild birds.
Raven is too thin, is not worth the effort to capture them.
Thunderbird will change color according to the environment, which makes them difficult to be found.
Stone thunderbird always appear in pairs in pairs, it is easy to close.
In bottomland willow willow thunderbird life, they are always cluster together, it is easy to catch.
Summer, all the polar birds have 2 ~ 3 weeks of hair removal stage, this stage of the birds are not afraid of people, it is easy to catch.
Available method to capture them in chapter 7.
To take advantage of the prey is still warm when peeling, slaughtering them (see chapter 7).
If you don’t have time to animal skin, at least want to get rid of that prey before storage organs, glands and genitals.
If time permits, we cut the meat into pieces, and frozen, respectively, to take out a piece of whenever needed.
To leave all animal fat, in addition to the seal of fat.
In winter, prey
Outdoors will soon frozen hard.
You can put the animals in the summer, and stored in the ground in the cave.
Plants.
Although there are no trees, the tundra region in warm season there are a lot of plant growth, but better than the warm climate of plants, plants are here is very short.
For example, the polar willow and birch tree is not so much, than shrub.
The polar regions found edible plants have the following: (slightly) serial
After some polar plants ate can be toxic and should only choose the plants that you know you can eat, if not sure, want to use edible general inspection test.
travel
To survive in the polar regions or escape, you will meet many obstacles, barrier type and its risk depending on your location and season.
You should –
Low to avoid moving in a blizzard.
Be careful when you cross the thin ice, creep can lay down on the ice, so I can distract your weight distribution.
Lowest low across the river, want to wait until the river.
Normal freezing and thawing role could make the water level difference in a day
6.5 ~ 8 feet (2 ~ 2.5 meters).
The freezing and thawing process can occur at any time of the day, it depends on the river, temperature, and the distance to the glacier terrain.
When camping in the river edge also want to consider the change of water level.
When considering the polar clear air, it will affect your estimate of the distance, underestimate distance than overestimate the distance to occur more often.
Low to avoid under the environment of “whiteout”.
Lose color contrast, you can’t make judgments of natural terrain.
Low across the snow bridge, only and water barrier in rectangular snow bridge you can get through it.
With a stick or ice axe to find out the most solid part on snow bridge, in order to spread the weight, you can climb the past, or put on snow shoes or snowboarding.
Low camp starts when the night is still young, so you can ensure that have plenty of time before it gets dark can build good body.
When should consider would river – whether or not the frozen ice – as a way to travel.
The frozen river there is usually no soft snow, so than it is easier to walk on land.
Low in areas covered by thick snow walking in snow shoes.
12 inches (30.5 centimeters) or more of snow makes walking is very difficult, and if the shoes and socks wet, it can also cause a trench foot disease or frostbite.
If you do not have snow shoes, can use the willow, cloth, leather, or other suitable material make a pair.
No snow shoes or snowboarding, it is almost impossible to walk in the thick snow.
And the snow in deep footprint will provide all trackers with excellent clues.
If you must travel in the thick snow, so to avoid the snow rivers.
Thick snow has the effect of heat insulation, may prevent the surface of the snow to freeze.
If it is in the mountain area, to avoid the possible avalanche.
In a danger of an avalanche, should choose to travel in the morning.
On the ridge, the snow will accumulate in the leeward side, form hanging snow, called the cornice.
Cornice often extends
The weather signs
There are many good method to predict the change in the weather.
The wind.
You can take a few leaves or grass throw into the air, or watch the top of the tree to identify the direction of the wind.
Argue after the wind, you can predict what the weather is coming.
Rapidly moving wind that instability of the atmosphere, that is likely to change in the weather.
The cloud.
See chapter 20.
The smoke.
The plume rise thin, explain the sunny weather, if the smoke is very low, or horizontal motion, suggests that a storm is approaching.
Birds and insects.
In heavy, moist air, birds and insects fly lower than normal, indicating that is likely to rain.
Before the storm, most insects activities become frequent, but the bee is become busy before it’s sunny.
Depression.
Wind speed is slow, and even imperceptibly, the air is heavy and damp, all said the low pressure gas peak.
In low pressure gas peak, the weather will become worse, and may last for several days.
You can “smell” and “hear” depression: sluggish, moist air makes the taste of the wilderness is much more obvious than when high pressure.
In addition, higher than the air pressure, under the low voice will be more clear, better known.
