When choosing camping sites —
Don’t stand too close to a stream or pond, especially in the rainy season.
Upstream, whether local or heavy rain could cause flooding unexpectedly broke out instantly.
Low don’t Ann will camp in the dry tree, or a dry under the branches of trees, they are likely to fall to hit you.
* don’t Ann will camp in the beast to walk the road, don’t Ann near pools.
There may be animals, endanger your safety.
Will camp near the lower shrubs cut, give yourself some space, can give fire ventilation at the same time, also can reduce insect infestation, eliminate the snake’s hiding place, and will make it easier for the air search personnel to see you.
The tropical half evergreen seasonal forest areas —
Low in South America.
Parts of Colombia and venezuela, as well as the amazon basin.
Low in Africa.
In parts of Kenya’s southwest coast, Tanzania and mozambique.
Low in Asia.
Most of northeastern India, Burma, Thailand and Indochina peninsula, Java, and other islands of Indonesia.
The americas, Africa and half evergreen seasonal forest features and seasonal forests of Asia.
These features are: low tree has two layers, the upper average tree height of 60 ~ 80 feet (18 ~ 24 meters), the lower average tree height of 20 ~ 45 feet (6 ~ 14 meters).
Low trees an average of two feet (0.6 meters) in diameter.
Low the leaves fall of the dry season.
In addition to the sago, nie lv, coconut, cocoa grow edible plants in this area and tropical regions.
Tropical shrub
Tropical shrub distribution in the following areas —
When the americas.
Mexico’s west coast, on the Yucatan peninsula, venezuela and Brazil.
Low in Africa.
Northwest coast of Africa and southern Africa inland – Angola, Zambia, Tanzania, and Malawi.
Low in Asia.
Turkey and India.
The main characteristic of tropical shrub for —
Boundaries clear wet and dry conditions, the length of the two seasons to change with The Times.
Rain mostly rain with thunder and lightning.
In the dry season, trees, the leaves are fallen, bare.
The average height of the trees to 20 ~ 30 feet (6 ~ 9 m).
In some places the undergrowth of pestering long together.
Low ground, except some long bunchy tuft is almost bare.
Rarely see gramineous plants.
Most low the plants with thorns.
“Every once in a while will be a fire.
In the tropical shrub of the dry season, it is difficult to find food.
Main types of food from the following parts: plant tubers, bulbs, corms, wood pulp, resin, nuts, seeds and cereals.
In the rainy season, so much more plant-based foods, you should find the following list of plants (see chapter 18).
Acacia, acacia trees and wild chicory fairy fruit
Tequila wild figs st John breadfruit
Almond juniper tamarind tree
Baobab seaside quinoa water lily
Wild mandarin cashew tropical yam
The savanna in —
Low in South America.
Parts of venezuela, Brazil and Guyana.
Low in Africa.
Interior of Africa south of the Sahara (northern and southern Sudan), the gold coast (old west African countries, Ghana.), in northern Nigeria, in many parts of the northeast Zaire, northern Uganda, Kenya, in the western region, Malawi parts, parts of Tanzania, Zimbabwe, mozambique, and Madagascar in the western region.
The characteristics of the tropical savanna for —
When they are only located in tropical regions of South America and Africa.
They look like a vast and lush pastures, with some of the trees in the middle.
Low beam shaped gramineous plants growth, often more than six feet tall, a bunch of grass with another bunch of grass between the lines is very clear.
Scattered trees usually short, coarse, much like the apple tree.
Low soil is usually red.
The savanna in South America there is usually a long dry season, relatively, the rainy season is very short.
In the great plains, with high and low gramineae, the rainy season comes, grass dotted with colorful colorful flowers.
These grain corn plants, the underground part of plant of seasonal growth and the rainy season is the region’s main source of plant-based foods.
In Africa there are two types of savanna: tall grasses, and grasses.
Tall grass prairie distribution around the tropical rain forest region, growth in the rough, 5 ~ 15 feet (1.5 ~ 4.5 meters) high grain in this plant.
Unless the local residents in the dry season, burn the grass or grassland is almost impassable.
African savanna mostly belongs to the bundle of grass prairie, grass average height is 3 feet (0.9 meters).
Steppe was long there are small trees, also has the big tree, the largest is the baobab tree.
Danger in the tropics
Although tropical areas have poisonous snakes and other large animals, but they are only a small part of the danger.
The greatest danger from insects, they are some sexually transmitted diseases, some insects bite poisonous.
Wound infection, even scratch as minor injury, is also very dangerous.
Mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, mites, leeches, spiders, scorpions, centipede, qiang mite, hornets, wild bees and ants, they live in the humid tropics.
Take the following measures to prevent the insects bite:
“Try to stay away from those who may be insect breeding areas.
Use of insect repellents, if any, daub on all exposed to the skin, and clothing of the opening.
Low wear, especially at night.
Their pants into boots, to lay down their sleeves, and buttons, the buttons on the collar button.
Put on the gloves, if you have, to wear the anti-mosquito hood.
Low to the camp, away from the wetland.
Ticks and fleas is a blood-sucking parasites, so they are only parasitic in warm-blooded animals.
Some ticks and a flea carrying infectious virus.
Ticks usually gathered in the grass, they will climb on your clothes or body, usable brush it off, a day to check whether there is a tick on the skin, check at least once a day, if they bite on your skin, according to the instructions in front of the steps to remove them.
A flea in a dry, dusty buildings are common, they may be lurking under your toenails, or into your skin, there lay eggs.
With sterile knife dug a flea, keep the wound clean.
In the south of India and China, will spread bubo rat fleas.
Found a dead mouse in mice, usually means that a plague.
The flea could also spread typhus fever.
In many tropical areas, especially in malaya and Indonesia, mice carrying the can also spread jaundice and other parasitic diseases.
In many parts of the far east, little red mouse carries a typhoid fever, that live in soil and cave a few inches off the ground.
In the high grass, cut out of the jungle, and the river, the little red mouse is also very common.
Don’t lie in or directly sit on the ground.
When camping, you clean up the ground, and the fire.
Use a repellent processing clothes.
Leeches are common in moist undergrowth.
Plant, the ground, the water, you are likely to see leeches.
They can through the small hole on shoes or climb to the top of the shoe.
Spiders, centipedes, scorpions in the tropics is very much also.
Some poisonous spider, the spider on the largest is called a tarantula, it seldom bite, but whole body covered with short and hard hairs, if you touch them, the skin will be quite a pain.
Centipede with heads like leg fangs sting and injected poison, the centipede sting feeling like a wasp sting.
The scorpion tail poison, although some scorpions were not life-threatening, but most after bitten by a scorpion, will produce severe pain, and cause serious discomfort.
Scorpions under the general hiding in stone or under the bark of dead trees, at night they often hide inside the shoes.
So must first check before wearing, socks, shoes and clothes.
Check on the bed before sleeping for pests, was bitten by any pests may result in swelling and pain.
Qiang mite, hornets, wild bees and ants are pests may hurt you.
Many ants live in tropical bite branches and leaves of the trees.
Mangrove branches hanging from the vines on almost all ants have a bite.
Don’t in the roadside camping near the hole or ants activity.
Any time don’t walk barefoot.
Shoes can protect your feet from the crawler, tick bites, and can protect the wound, reduce the chance of infection.
Be careful the crocodile in tropical waters.
They like to lie on the shore, or floating on the surface of the water, only the eyes above the water, just like a piece of wood.
In wading, wash bath, and have to be careful when close to the water’s edge, especially obviously there is a crocodile.
To avoid them at any time, and if you must go into the water, don’t break the surface of the water, it will disturb the crocodile.
In salt water basin, such as the estuary, bay or lagoon, those who attack the shark may swim to the coast.
Many sharks live in tropical Marine shallow-water area attacked humans.
Longer than 4 feet (1.2 meters) sharks can be very dangerous.
Not all sharks are the fin surface (see chapter 16).
Live in the turbid water barracuda will attack humans.
Man-of-war is another dangerous in salt water.
These look like jellyfish creatures have stinging tentacles, reach up to 50
Islands in the Pacific Ocean every day there are regular tidal phenomenon.
But the waters near the storm will interrupt the normal ebb, climax and extended.
Between each time the tide changes, a lot of water in and out of the lagoon water bay, don’t try to swim or through deep water channel on a raft to wait until after the calm water or low tide in the past.
Try not to be coming tide rushed to the far away from the coast of rock, the tide washed rocks, has a force makes walking difficult, dangerous to swimmers.
Surfing is not dangerous, unless you are very weak, or the storm caused waves has been more than eight feet (2.4 meters) high.
Before hit the reef, the sea will not interrupt, but they move to the sea of the cycle is very clear.
If you have to swim, so can use peaceful space between the big waves.
Head-on into the waves of the sea, if you are in shallow water, in front of a big wave will soon be disconnected, into the water, grabbed a piece of rock, hold on, until the wave of the past.
Harness the power of the waves gradually brought you to the shore.
In chapter 7, you’ve read sea food you can get, but you also have to be careful of tropical coast of some dangerous.
Many living waters near a reef fish meat contain poison, some fish do you think can eat, such as red fin snapper and barracuda, but if from atoll or coral reef nearby, then they are poisonous.
Some fish with prickles or “teeth” inject toxins careless people.
Don’t walk barefoot on the coral reefs.
Coral, either dead or alive, can split your feet.
Seems harmless and sea urchins have thin thorns on the sponge, is made up of lime or silica, they can Pierce your skin and cause fester.
Very small, almost invisible stone fish will not give way to you, it’s spine is toxic, will bring you great distress, and it may even cause death.
Cure method with heal bitten by snakes.
In tropical waters, detection of black hole with a stick, do not use hand.
When in the muddy or sandy river water in the river or the coast walk, don’t move, to move slowly along the surface of the water, avoid step on a stingray or other animals have sharp spines.
Cone snails, or the head long, thin, and pointed the snail is poisonous.
They live in the rocky or protected bay, off the coast of more than is found in rocks under, or a cleft in the coral reefs.
All cone snails to avoid to touch by hand.
With the hand of the Canadian conch also need to be careful.
Them with a sharp blade’s secret door when they tried to escape, may suddenly come out, Pierce your skin.
If you must through the deep part of the reef, carefully check the reef edges, see if there are sharks, barracuda, or sea eel.
Eel hiding in a dark hole coral reefs, when they be disturbed is very fierce.
